new finding that WEATHER may not only AFFECT mood, but ALSO COGNITION

"We found that among participants with depression, low exposure to sunlight was associated with a significantly higher predicted probability of cognitive impairment.
This relationship remained significant after adjustment for season.

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"This new finding that
WEATHER may not only affect mood, but also cognition
significant implications for the treatment of depression, particularly seasonal affective disorder"

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"Discovering the environment's impact on cognitive functioning within the context of seasonal disorders may lead not only to
better understanding of the disorders, but also to the
development of targeted interventions
to enhance everyday functioning and quality of life".

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Effect of sunlight exposure on cognitive function among depressed and non-depressed participants: a REGARDS cross-sectional study
Shia T Kent, Leslie A McClure, William L Crosson, Donna K Arnett, Virginia G Wadley, Nalini Sathiakumar
Environmental Health 2009, 8:34 (28 July 2009)

BACKGROUND - Possible physiological causes for the effect of sunlight on mood are through serotonin and melatonin pathways, as well as through cerebral blood flow. Cognitive function involved in these same pathways may potentially be affected by sunlight exposure. We evaluated whether the amount of sunlight exposure (i.e. insolation) affects cognitive function and examined the effect of season on this relationship.

METHODS - We obtained insolation data for residential regions of 16,800 participants from a national cohort study of blacks and whites, aged 45+. Cognitive impairment was assessed using a validated six-item screener questionnaire and depression status was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Logistic regression was used to find whether same-day or two-week average sunlight exposure was related to cognitive function and whether this relationship differed by depression status.

RESULTS - A dose-response relationship was found between sunlight exposure and cognitive function, and this relationship differed by depression status. Among depressed participants, lower levels of sunlight were associated with impaired cognitive status (odds ratio=2.58; 95% CI 1.43-6.69). While both season and sunlight were correlated with cognitive function, a significant relation remained between each of them and cognitive impairment after controlling for their joint effects.

CONCLUSIONS The study found an association between decreased exposure to sunlight and increased probability of cognitive impairment using a novel data source. We are the first to examine the effects of two-week exposure to sunlight on cognition, as well as the first to look at sunlight's effects on cognition in a large cohort study.